This research investigated the robustness and relevance of current nutrient Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs) for surface water bodies in England and Northern Ireland. A systematic review of academic and grey literature was undertaken to build a comprehensive evidence base. This included key documents produced by the UK Targets Advisory Group (UK TAG) during the development of existing nutrient standards, as well as materials provided by public authorities and other relevant organisations.
The evidence review was used to address two core research questions. First, what is the current state of nutrient EQSs for surface waters in England and Northern Ireland? Second, are the existing nutrient EQSs sufficiently protective of ecological health and function in these water bodies?
To complement the literature review, interviews were conducted nine experts whose experience and knowledge were directly relevant to the study. Following the interviews, a virtual workshop was convened to facilitate broader dialogue and validation of emerging themes.
Together, these activities provided a multi layered assessment of the scientific, technical and practical foundations of current nutrient EQSs underpinning environmental targets, informing recommendations for future policy and regulatory development.
Disclaimer
Atkins Réalis were commissioned by the Office for Environmental Protection to investigate the robustness and relevance of current nutrient Environmental Quality Standards for surface water bodies in England and Northern Ireland. The views provided in this report are those of Atkins Réalis and do not represent the opinion or position of the OEP. Some of the analysis in this report was used to inform the OEP’s report Progress in improving the natural environment in England 2024/2025.